Sample Projects

1.Clinical Report of a Patient

Background:

Mr. Robert Scott is 62 years old retired bus driver, who was a malaise. He is married and but he has no children. He stopped smoking two years ago and he is still a drunkard who drinks approximately 8 alcohol units per week. His recent record includes appendicectomy, cervical spondylosis, and hypertension for the last three years. His father died because of lung cancer and mother suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. His two brothers are also suffering from emphysema. His wife was generally healthy but got throat inflection a week ago. He also has a myocardial disease record. He has no allergy to any medicine but to nuts which may cause him problems in breathing smoothly.

Current disease symptoms:

Mr. Scott has a terrible state of the health. He coughed with blood three weeks ago. He feels severe chest pain during breathing, on the left side of his chest and this pain sometimes goes down to his left fingers too. He is having a high fever, feeling increased thirst, and is having nocturia for the last 2 weeks. He is so weak that he feels like dying even after a short walk. He breathes faster than usual and coughs up phlegm that is thick and green-yellow. Sometimes there’s blood too in his phlegm. He is a bit desperate, disoriented and he suffers from depression. He is now fearful of death.

Diagnosis Description:

Bacteria and viruses are the causes of Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflection of the lungs that is characterized by inflammation of alveoli in the rings or by alveoli that are filled with fluid.

Pneumonia is caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites. People who have heart disease may increase the risk of having Pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumonia is common to cause bacterial pneumonia disease. Streptococcus pneumonia is characterized by vomiting, having diarrhea or being very thirsty. These are the symptoms that Mr. Scott has been showing for two weeks. Now, he has been diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection and a severe infection of lungs i.e Pneumonia; The tests are performed after he has coughed the blood three weeks ago. His tests show that he is suffering from pneumonia caused by bacteria i.e Streptococcus pneumonia. The bacteria is also traced in his yellow-greenish phlegm.

Treatment:

He is prescribed oral antibiotics for two weeks, and the oxygen therapy for his smooth breathing. Taking these antibiotics may cause him diarrhea or swelling. Therefore, he is asked to take extra care of himself. He is also prescribed to see a chest physiotherapist for another test. He should be put on a normal saline drip daily to avoid dehydration. He should avoid drinking alcohol and should not overthink to avoid excessive depression.

Recommendations:

Mr. Scott is recommended for the vaccination. Which he should be taking in a clinic after the recovery to decrease the risk of further infections. From now on, he is suggested that drinking alcohol and smoking should be stopped. Hands should be washed regularly every day. Moreover, Mr.Scott is reminded to increase eating healthier foods, have more exercise and stay away from sputum and coughing particles from others with inflection to avoid being infected himself.

For his depression problem, he is recommended to develop more interests to contribute happiness and keep his mind off the bad things and problems. He is asked to try to stay away from the negative feelings and emotions. He is recommended to keep an open mind and think that there still have many possible solutions to fix problems. He should not worry about death rather he should have hope for a better life.

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2.Investment Management Process:

Just like every other thing in our life, in investments too, good results are obtained only if there are proper planning and a proper procedural approach to fulfill that plan. As investment is merely not a name of buying or selling or buying, it needs a proper managerial approach to achieve its desired goals and targets. The process of managing investments is called the investment management process.

Generally speaking, the investment management process comprises of following main steps. These steps are necessary to be followed by an investment management firm or bank in order to generate its profit and to maintain the loyalty of their clients by giving them substantial growth in the competitive market(“Five-Step Investment Management Process,” n.d.; “The Investment Management Process,” n.d.). Here we are listing the steps involved in this process with a brief description of the steps.

Important steps in the investment management process:

Defining the objectives and circumstances of the investment:

This is the first and the most important step in any investment management process. In this step, the investor or the investment management firm determined the reasons for the investments, sets the goal of the investor for a limited time period and determines the level of risk that they are going to tolerate.

In this step, the consultant or advisor usually asks about the liquidity requirement, short term, and long-term investment goals, amount of assets or the nature of assets to be invested and about the expected profit or gain at the end of a fixed period.

Searching appropriate opportunities and Planning for the investment:

After the determination of the objectives and circumstances, the next step in the finding of opportunities where the goals can be achieved under a determined level of risk and above the selected level of liquidity and other requirements determined in step 1.

In the context of the investment management firm, it becomes their responsibility to look for various investment opportunities where the set goals of the clients and their profit could be met simultaneously while maintaining the risk and other requirements below the determined threshold values.

Allocation of Assets for a particular investment:

When a suitable opportunity or a set of suitable opportunities are found, the next step is to allocate the budget for a particular investment opportunity. Usually, this step is completed by evaluating the available opportunities in the respective value of their assessed risk/profit ratio. The opportunities with higher risk to profit ratios are less attractive than the ones with the lowest risk to profit ratio. In this way, one or more opportunities are selected with the lowest available risk to profit ratios and thus investment is allocated for these investment/s.

This is a very important step where we determine that how much of your total portfolio should go to a particular opportunity. The opportunities include bonds, stocks, real estate, cash, commodities, short term, domestic and international investment types and levels (“The Investment Management Process,” n.d.).

Selecting the approach for investment:

After the allocation of investment of selected opportunities. The investor needs to select an approach based on the availability of funds and the need for diversification of investments. Usually, even if there seems one great opportunity, all assets are not invested in it because this increases the loss of the whole portfolio in the case of failure or risk hit.

Making a Portfolio for investment:

The investment firm makes your portfolio considering the things discussed in the previous 4 steps. While building the portfolio, the needs, goals, risk tolerance and investment horizons are considered.

Implementation of the investment:

The next step is the implementation of the investment. This is the step that usually layman thinks of the whole investment process but this is not true. The investment implementation is only a part of the investment management process while the big chunk of this management lies in other things.

The key to successful implementation is to follow the planning that you have already performed and not to let the emotions control your decisions. If you think that emotions will affect your decisions, it is better to go for a consultant or investment management firm (Planning, n.d.).

Performance Assessment:

Once you or an investment firm completes the implementation of investment. They should assess their performance as well as the performance of an investment. This helps us implement better planning and strategy for this particular type of investment. If the return on investment is high, it can favor more amount to go to this particular opportunity. Conversely, if the return on investment is not good enough, the amount from this investment can be diverted to other better opportunities.

Feedback, review and continuous improvement in the process:

The next and the final step is to take the feedback of the investor or investee. Review the issues that are associated with your experience and after this, the whole of the process can be revised or improved accordingly (“Five-Step Investment Management Process,” n.d.).

Conclusion:

By the study of all the above-described facts, we are able to conclude that investment is a major way to keep the money in a cycle and to constantly improve its value. There are a lot of investment markets available both locally and internationally where investors can put their asset to gain a certain amount of benefit. These markets essentially include stock markets, bonds, banks, forex, commodities, and option. Besides these bullions and real assets are present as investment markets. For an investment to be successful and bear its fruit, investment management is very important. This is the process of managing, planning, implementing the investment plans according to particular requirements, goals, and liquidity. While implementing any investment, the risk/reward ratio must be assessed seriously and during the implementation of the investment and the emotional behavior must be controlled in order to get the proper outcome from any investment.

References

Five-Step Investment Management Process. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2019, from Oxford Financial Partners website: https://www.oxfordfp.com/services/power-of-5-investing/five-step-investment-management-process/

Planning, S. F. (n.d.). Investment Management Process|Investment Plan|Investment Goals. Retrieved November 3, 2019, from http://www.spiritusfinancial.com/investment-management/investment-management-process

The Investment Management Process. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2019, from Saga Select Asset Management Ltd website: http://www.sagaselect-am.com/?categoryId=109953&itemId=237421

3.Introduction

This is a complete report about the required construction project of the house which is developed according to the clients' given details, information and specification of the building. All the given information has been utilized in the estimation of the project. The important factors which can affect the cost, difficulty and duration of the project have been considered while estimating the project. The project costing and estimations are subject to change according to the change of materials and standard labor costs. These costs depend upon various factors, including accidental reasons and other reasons which are beyond the control of the firm and the cost is liable to change in such a case. The quotation is also subject to change by any change in the details or requirements by the client. And the client shall be liable to pay all excess expense in the case, he/she wants to make a modification in time, design, materials or grade of the construction. And this quotation will be valid for one month from the day of the presentation to the client (Thapa, n.d.).

For the company, this seems to be a great opportunity to increase its portfolio, grow its profit and increase with market and competency in the industrial segment (“How do I do an estimate for a small building? - Quora,” 2017).

Project Brief

The project comprises the design and development of the house on the demand of client Mr/Ms/Mrs or company XYX. The project seeks to build a 2500 sq. ft. plot (already owned by the client with all documentation cleared for the development of a residential house) in Muscat city of Oman (“Oman | Geography, History, People, & Language,” n.d.). The project management is proposed to Sarooj Construction Company Oman, on the behalf of which this report is being compiled (“About Us,” 2015). The details of the project are as follow.

Project Type House construction

Owner Mr. XYZ

Construction Area 2500 Sq Ft

Location Muscat City, Oman

Project Manager Sarooj Construction Company, Oman

Design Requirements 3 Bed, 4 Bath, 1 Living, 1 Dining, 1 Stair, 1 Stair Room (single Floor)

Phases included (5 main stages) Research drafting, Designing, Consultation, Cost Estimation, Time management, Construction or subcontracting, including internal, external structure, substructure, fittings, preliminaries, furnishing and then maintenance and renewal.

About Sarooj Construction Company

Sarooj construction company is a local Gulf County Club (GCC) registered company which aim at the timely delivery of the construction projects that it takes. It is bound by the principles of integrity, quality, health and environment safety and human development. It has performed hundreds of small and large projects in its supervision (“About Us,” 2015).

Department Concerned with the Project

The department which is concerned with this project is the Sarooj building construction department which will handle the regulations and requirements of this construction (“Building Works,” 2015).

History of Construction Projects in Sarooj Building Constructions

Sarooj building constructions have done various projects in villas and residential plots construction for both real estate companies as well as for clients themselves.

Opera housing, national museum and various villas between Athaiba and Airport heights are developed by them (“Completed,” 2015).

Clients for the Project

Potential clients for this project could be real estate small investors and foreigners who are looking for affordable housing for their residence and other real estate companies.

Contractors for the Project

Contractors and subcontractors for this project could be local small construction and designing firms and our own sister concerns ( “ICC- Dawn,” n.d.).

Now, underlying is the details of this report

Body of the Project

Initiation and Planning of the Project

Research Draft

There is a need for a research draft for this project. We need to estimate the cost of this project from our competitors, clients and potential subcontractors. The detailed maps are also required to be approved from the client or potential clients and we need to find out the net costs and the value that our customers or clients are ready to pay. Also, we need to find out designs that are efficient and effective in producing maximum value at minimum cost to generate a handsome amount of profit for the company. We also need to find out the suitable scale of the project in order to find out and manage human resource and financial resources of this project.

Project Leaders

We need to set the project leader and teams for the effective control and completion of the project. Project leaders are very important for the accomplishment of the project, they not only keep the teams managed but also reduce the breaches for the operation. They make the tasks easier for the teams to work by guiding them and also motivate them to do good whenever they are tired and demotivated.

1 Project leader every 10 villas

10 workers (builder, labors and furnishers) in a team for construction, 1 engineer and 1 architect

1 surveyor, 1 Designing leader with 3 group members (needed in the initial phase)

1 Legal advisor and 1 procurement in charge

Consultation Partners, Experts, and Contractors

We need to find reasonable construction partners and experts to help us in the case of any complexity but in general, I don’t think that It would be required as this is not a mega construction project and we are familiar and experiences with tasks of this kind already. However, maintaining linkage with a few such persons and companies can be handy.

Proposal design

We need to suggest one or more proposal designs to our clients. Probably we also need to modify the selected design to further suit the needs, and maybe we are needed to provide a detailed map to the client in the case that he/she is interested in details.

Contract expertise

If we want to outsource the whole project or a part of project, we would be required to set a threshold of qualification for it in order to ensure that the work meets or exceed the quality requirements of the client and also to protect our own image and reputation in the market (Guidelines for Managing Projects—How to organise plan and control projects, n.d.).

On the other hand, it is thoroughly studied and made sure that our company meets the requirement of our clients.

Total Estimate for Initiation and Planning Phase

For the initiation and planning phase, the expense is estimated to be as follow.

Requirement Cost Source of Estimation

Designing of 3 simple projection/Sketches 500 OMR Freelancing

Designing of 1 detailed map 2000 OMR Freelancing

Fees/Expense for the consultation 5k- 10k OMR Local Consultant

Expense on the survey and initial research 20k OMR Local Company

Expense of Legal Advisor 5k-10k OMR Local Legal Advisor Firm

Design phase

The second phase to be performed is the designing phase.

The design phase, although seems to be the most tedious work however, with slight innovation and smart thinking this stage can be shortened and made profitable (Aouad, Ozorhon, & Abbott, 2010). I think if we get a design locked after that, and then try to reduce the cost of that same design with innovation, it can work. Thus, saving a lot of energy, time and designing cost by reducing this stage to the innovation of the selected design.

The sketch is now days made on computer and there is very low to no cost in traveling of the design via emails. So, there is no cost after the designing sketches are made and a detailed map is made.

Material cost in designing is also zero as there is not stationary, charts and hard materials required except what is already available in the company in the forms of computer and internet so this cost is also saved.

Presentation (Preparation and Presentation) Presentation can be made from the previous projects’ presentation and drafts and our sales team will handle it. We can also outsource the presentation preparation work in approximately 1000 OMR. The teams' movement, the guests honoring and other lump-sum expense will be around 5000 OMR.

Consultancy Charges for the innovation in design can be varying but the more we pay in the reduction of design cost, the more we are going to save while actually doing the project in the next stages.

Project Management cost is the cost that incurs in order to properly manage the project, besides the material cost, labor, consultancy, traveling etc or in other words the cost of project management team is not any additional cost rather the cost of the same project management team that we already have. For the sake of costing the project the cost of management of this project will be around 10000 OMR/month (“Learn how much it costs to Hire an Architect.,” n.d.).

In a summary, we can conclude that the designing phase will cost around the 20000 OMR for one month and will take around 3 months to complete for large scale projects and for small scale projects, it will take about 10-15 days.

Tender phase

For the tendering process, we usually need to set a budget for a particular phase of any project and then advertise it is newspaper etc.

For the tender notice to reach the potential candidate companies which can do this work. This cost is approximate,

2000 OMR for one newspaper, so if we choose 4 newspaper, the cost would be around 8000 OMR for the advertisement of the tender.

The tender preparation cost from an expert will also take around 2000 OMR.

Hosting the tendering process or meetings will also cost another 10-20k OMR.

Estimation of Direct Cost for Tendering

A B C D E

Number of units Area/Volume etc Total units required Unit Cost Total Cost

Concrete Structural Area A x B Take from Sources C x D

Number of bricks/ unit area Area A x B Take from Sources C x D

Fittings Units Number required per construction A x B Take from Sources C x D

Furniture and Furnishing Goods Number required per construction A x B Take from Sources C x D

Paint/protection required per unit area Total area to be painted A x B Take from Sources C x D

Steel Bars (required/ floor) Area of floor A x B Take from Sources C x D

Tiles (Number of tiles/area) Area to be tiled A x B Take from Sources C x D

This table will also help in developing the BOQ for the tendering process.

Indirect Cost for Tendering

The indirect cost for tendering includes any site office that might be needed to assist the bidders on-site and the rent of that site etc. This cost is expected to be 10000 OMR per site without any engineer or sales representative. This can be up to 20000 OMR with rent and travel costs included.

Construction phase

The construction phase is the duration during which the constructor has to start and complete his whole construction project. This includes preliminaries, superstructure, substructure, internal finishes, external works, fittings, and furnishings

The cost of Construction

The below-given table is a quick way to summarise what will be the steps involved in the construction of the project. This table contains the list of machinery, human resource, their required quantity, and their total cost.

Resource Required Per Unit Time (A) Time of Requirement` (B) C= A x B Cost per Unit Time (D) Total Cost (E=C x D)

Excavator Hr or Day A x B Take from Sources C x D

Labour Hr or Day A x B Take from Sources C x D

Skilled builders Hr or Day A x B Take from Sources C x D

Casting Machine Hr or Day A x B Take from Sources C x D

Steel Fitter Hr or Day A x B Take from Sources C x D

Builders Hr or Day A x B Take from Sources C x D

Others Hr or Day A x B Take from Sources C x D

Total cost = Sum of entries in E

Maintenance phase

Making a building or doing a project is not the end of work, it takes continuous efforts and consistent maintenance plan for it to remain in good form and shape and to keep the performance up to the mark.

There is a need to change the items that have been expired to eroded for example, paints, and old electric equipment like lights which have a limited life, etc. Nothing stays great forever this is why we need to care and renew things from time to time. For projects like construction projects, things that are used extensively can wear out like the tiles on the gates and high movement location, taps and walls which may get chocked with the water contaminants or filter which may also become ineffective due to continuous uses.

There is a need for a proper plan to renew the items once those are eroded or their efficiency becomes lower than sustainable. Spending on maintenance is done on the things that affect one of the few criteria including:

Aesthetic

Performance

There is a need to update or upgrade

The part is no longer required or usable

Recommendation

We have made this report after studying, calculating and performing initial assessment for the small housing project and we recommend this project to upper management of our company to further assess this project as this project seems feasible to select based upon the initial investment, client and customer base study, profit and investment ratio. Thus, we highly recommend this project to be taken by the company and we are hopeful that proper accomplishment of such project will add to the might of honorable Sarooj Construction Company.

Conclusion

In the light of above-written recommendation, assessment, and brief calculation, we are in a position to conclude that such a small project can bring an opportunity to generate great wealth, market gain, generate activity and experience without investing huge amounts. Such projects are suitable to generate high profit to investment ration within an affordable risk value.

References

(53) How do I do an estimate for a small building? - Quora. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2019, from https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-do-a-estimate-for-a-small-building

About Us. (2015, January 29). Retrieved November 10, 2019, from Sarooj website: https://www.sarooj.com/about-us/

Aouad, G., Ozorhon, B., & Abbott, C. (2010). Facilitating innovation in construction. Construction Innovation, 10(4), 374–394. https://doi.org/10.1108/14714171011083551

Building Works. (2015, February 1). Retrieved November 10, 2019, from Sarooj website: https://www.sarooj.com/services/building-works-2/

Completed. (2015, January 29). Retrieved November 10, 2019, from Sarooj website: https://www.sarooj.com/projects/completed/

Guidelines for Managing Projects—How to organize plan and control projects. (n.d.). 45.

..:ICC:.. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2019, from http://icc-oman.com/

Learn how much it costs to Hire an Architect. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2019, from https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/architects-and-engineers/hire-an-architect/

Oman | Geography, History, People, & Language. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2019, from Encyclopedia Britannica website: https://www.britannica.com/place/Oman

Thapa, R. (n.d.). How to Write a Project Brief—A Guide with Examples. Retrieved November 10, 2019, from Xtensio website: https://xtensio.com/how-to-write-a-project-brief/